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Station Characteristics	2011-11-21/2141913899

GAW ID	SMO	Samoa (Cape Matatula) (United States)
WMO ID		Global station in WMO RA V - South West Pacific
station status	established 1974 / full operation	14.24747°S 170.56451°W (77 m a.s.l.)
time zone	UTC-11
climate zone	Af (Equatorial rainforest, fully humid)
other affiliations	AGAGE/SOGE/NIES, NOAA-ESRL/CCG, NOAA-ESRL/AERO(SMO), NADP(AS01), NDACC, SHADOZ

description

The Samoa Observatory is located on the northeastern tip of Tutuila island, American Samoa, on a ridge overlooking the South Pacific Ocean. Established in 1974 on a 26.7 acre site, the observatory is the fourth of the CMDL Baseline Observatories. Cape Matatula is approx. 1 km from the village of Tula. Prevailing winds are marine. Since it's construction, the Samoa Observatory has survived two major hurricanes with only minor damage. A staff of 2 operates the year around facility commuting to work. This Observatory has the distinction of obtaining 30% of its daytime power from solar panels.

Picture of Samoa (Cape Matatula) facility

Measurement Program


type	parameter	method	contributor	data available	details
Aerosol	Light scattering coefficient, total aerosol	Nephelometry, integrating	NOAA-ESRL-GMD
	Mass concentration (total aerosol) or Mass TSP	## Filter sampling [general]
	Number concentration	Condensation particle counter (CPC)	NOAA-ESRL-GMD
Greenhouse Gas	C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113)	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1977-01-01 ~ 2012-12-01
	C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	C2F6 (hexafluoroethane, PFC-116)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C2H3Cl2F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC-141b)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C2H3Cl2F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC-141b)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1991-11-26 ~ 2011-12-22
	C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1991-11-26 ~ 2011-12-22
	C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2011-11-01
	C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C2H4F2 (1,1-difluoroethane, HFC-152a)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C3F8 (octafluoropropane, PFC-218)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C4H5F5 (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, HFC-365mfc)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CBrClF2 (Halon 1211)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CBrClF2 (Halon 1211)	GC-MS	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1991-12-30 ~ 2011-12-22
	CBrClF2 (Halon 1211)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	CBrF3 (bromotrifluoromethane, Halon 1301)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CBrF3 (bromotrifluoromethane, Halon 1301)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1989-07-07 ~ 2006-12-01
	CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1977-01-01 ~ 2012-12-01
	CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12)	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11)	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1977-01-01 ~ 2012-12-01
	CCl4	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	CCl4	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CCl4	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1994-11-29 ~ 2012-12-01
	CF4 (tetrafluoromethane, carbon tetrafluoride, perfluoromethane, PFC-14)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH2F4 (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH2F4 (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a)	GC-MS	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1994-08-15 ~ 2011-07-20
	CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane)	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1991-11-26 ~ 2012-12-01
	CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2011-11-01
	CH4	GC-FID	AGAGE	1985-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH4	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1983-04-01 ~ 2011-12-22
	CH4 [C-13]	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2011-12-22
	CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1991-11-26 ~ 2011-12-22
	CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2011-11-01
	CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CHF2CF3 (pentafluoroethane, HFC-125)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CHF3 (trifluoromethane, HFC-23)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CO2	Non-dispersive IR (NDIR)	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1974-01-01 ~ 2011-12-31
	CO2	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1972-01-15 ~ 2011-12-22
	CO2	Non-dispersive IR (NDIR)
	CO2 [C-13]	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1990-01-01 ~ 2012-12-27
	CO2 [O-18]	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1990-01-04 ~ 2012-12-27
	N2O	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1978-07-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	N2O	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1977-01-01 ~ 2012-12-01
	N2O	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1987-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	SF6	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	SF6	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2012-06-01
	SF6	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1994-01-01 ~ 2012-12-01
	SO2F2 (sulphuryl fluoride)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
Meteo	Precipitation	Tipping bucket rain gauge
	Pressure	Barometer/Pressure sensor
	Temperature	Thermometer/-element
	Trajectories		NOAA-ESRL-GMD
	Trajectories	FLEXTRA	Empa	2005-01-01 ~ ongoing
	Wind direction	Wind vane
	Wind speed	Anemometer
Ozone	Surface ozone	UV photometry [general]	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1975-12-14 ~ 1986-12-31
	Surface ozone	UV photometry [general]	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1975-12-01 ~ 2012-08-31
	Total column ozone	Dobson	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1975-12-01 ~ 2012-06-30
	Total column ozone	Dobson	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1975-12-18 ~ 2012-11-16
	Vertical ozone profile	ECC Sonde	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1995-08-08 ~ 2012-01-10
	Vertical ozone profile	## Sonde	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1995-08-08 ~ 2010-06-26
Radiation	Diffuse solar radiation	Pyranometer (global solar, broadband)
	Direct solar radiation	Pyrheliometer (direct solar, broadband)
	Global solar radiation	Pyranometer (global solar, broadband)
Radio Nuclide	CO2 [C-14]	## Flask sampling
Reactive Gas	C2Cl4	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1993-12-15 ~ 2011-07-20
	C2Cl4	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C2H6 (ethane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22
	C2HCl3	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	C3H8 (propane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22
	CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane)	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1994-01-12 ~ 2011-07-20
	CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH3Br (methylbromide)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH3Br (methylbromide)	GC-MS	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1993-11-09 ~ 2011-12-22
	CH3Cl (methylchloride)	GC-MS	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1993-11-09 ~ 2011-12-22
	CH3Cl (methylchloride)	GC-MS	AGAGE	2006-05-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CH3Cl (methylchloride)	GC-ECD	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1998-01-01 ~ 2011-11-01
	CHCl3 (chloroform)	GC-ECD	AGAGE	1996-08-01 ~ 2011-09-30
	CO	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1988-09-01 ~ 2011-12-22
	H2	## Flask sampling	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	1989-01-05 ~ 2005-06-28
	i-C4H10 (2-methylpropane, iso-butane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22
	i-C5H12 (2-methylbutane, iso-pentane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22
	n-C4H10 (n-butane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22
	n-C5H12 (n-pentane)	GC-FID	NOAA-ESRL-GMD	2005-05-12 ~ 2010-12-22

Contact Person(s)

name	Dr. James Butler
address	NOAA/ESRL/GMD 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80303 United States

	2008-01-03/-147256505
phone	+1 303 497 6898
fax	+1 303 492 6975
mailto	james.h.butler@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function

name	Mr. Thomas J. Conway
address	NOAA/ESRL/GMD 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 United States

	2013-01-24/-147256377
phone
fax
mailto	thomas.j.conway@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function	Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: CO2]

name	Mr. Geoffrey S. Dutton
address	Halocarbons and Other Atmosphere Trace Species Group (HATS)/NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division 325 Broadway R/GMD1 Boulder, Colorado 80305-3328 United States

	2008-12-16/-147256320
phone	+1-303-497-6224
fax	+1-303-497-6290
mailto	geoff.dutton@noaa.gov
url

GAW function

station function

Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113), Greenhouse Gas: C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b), Greenhouse Gas: CBrClF2 (Halon 1211), Greenhouse Gas: CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12), Greenhouse Gas: CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11), Greenhouse Gas: CCl4, Greenhouse Gas: CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane), Greenhouse Gas: CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22), Greenhouse Gas: N2O, Greenhouse Gas: SF6, Reactive Gas: CH3Cl (methylchloride)]

name	Dr. James W. Elkins
address	NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Division 325 Broadway R/GMD Boulder, CO 80305-332 United States

	2011-01-17/0
phone	+1 (303) 497-6224
fax	+1 (303) 497-6290
mailto	James.W.Elkins@noaa.gov
url	www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/personnel/elkins/elkins1.html

GAW function

station function

Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113), Greenhouse Gas: C2H3Cl2F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC-141b), Greenhouse Gas: C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b), Greenhouse Gas: CBrClF2 (Halon 1211), Greenhouse Gas: CBrF3 (bromotrifluoromethane, Halon 1301), Greenhouse Gas: CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12), Greenhouse Gas: CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11), Greenhouse Gas: CCl4, Greenhouse Gas: CH2F4 (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a), Greenhouse Gas: CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane), Greenhouse Gas: CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22), Greenhouse Gas: N2O, Greenhouse Gas: SF6, Reactive Gas: C2Cl4, Reactive Gas: CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), Reactive Gas: CH3Br (methylbromide), Reactive Gas: CH3Cl (methylchloride)]

name	Mr. Robert D. Evans
address	NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) Global Monitoring Division 325 Broadway Boulder, Colorado 80305 United States

	2012-05-10/2141914043
phone	+1 303 497 6679
fax	+1 303 497 5590
mailto	Robert.D.Evans@noaa.gov
url

GAW function	Member of SAG Ozone, World Calibration Centre, GAW CCL (Reference Scale)
station function	Measurement leader [Ozone: Total column ozone, Ozone: Total column ozone]

name	Dr. Detlev Helmig
address	Associate Research Professor Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) University of Colorado 1560 30th Street Boulder, CO 80309-0450 United States

	2013-01-24/-147256377
phone	+1 (303) 492-2509
fax
mailto	detlev@instaar.colorado.edu
url

GAW function
station function	Measurement leader [Reactive Gas: C2H6 (ethane), Reactive Gas: C3H8 (propane), Reactive Gas: i-C4H10 (2-methylpropane, iso-butane), Reactive Gas: i-C5H12 (2-methylbutane, iso-pentane), Reactive Gas: n-C4H10 (n-butane), Reactive Gas: n-C5H12 (n-pentane)]

name	Mr. Bryan Johnson
address	NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division 325 Broadway R/GMD1 CO 80305-3328 Boulder United States

	2011-08-11/2141913899
phone
fax
mailto	Bryan.Johnson@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function	Measurement leader [Ozone: Vertical ozone profile]

name	Mr. Joel Michalski
address	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Samoa Observatory P.O. Box 2568 American Samoa, American Samoa 96799 United States

	2001-08-28/jkl
phone	+11 (684) 258 2847
fax	+11 (684) 699 1701
mailto	jmichalski@cmdl.noaa.gov
url	www.cmdl.noaa.gov

GAW function
station function	Primary station contact

name	Dr. Paul C. Novelli
address	NOAA-ESRL-GMD 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 United States

	2012-01-12/2141914043
phone	+1 303-497-6774
fax	+1 303-497-6290
mailto	paul.c.novelli@noaa.gov
url

GAW function	Member of SAG Reactive Gases
station function	Measurement leader [Reactive Gas: CO, Reactive Gas: H2]

name	Dr. John A. Ogren
address	NOAA ESRL GMD 325 Broadway Boulder, CO 80305 United States

	2011-02-01/0
phone	+1 (303) 497 6210
fax	+1 (303) 497-5590
mailto	John.A.Ogren@noaa.gov
url

GAW function	Joint Scientific Committee OPAG EPAC, Member of SAG Aerosol
station function	Measurement leader [Aerosol: Light scattering coefficient, total aerosol, Aerosol: Number concentration]

name	Dr. Russ Schnell
address	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, Observatory Operations Group 325 Broadway R/GMD1 Boulder, Colorado 80305 United States

	2007-12-13/186
phone	+1 (303) 497 6733
fax	+1 (303) 497 6290
mailto	russell.c.schnell@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function	Primary station contact

name	Kirk Thoning
address	NOAA/ESRL Global Monitoring Division 325 Broadway R/GMD1 Boulder, CO 80305-3328 United States

	2006-06-20/0
phone	+1 303 497 6078
fax
mailto	kirk.w.thoning@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function	Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: CO2]

name	Mr. Brian A. Vasel
address	National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory 325 Broadway R/GMD1 Boulder, Colorado 80305 United States

	2012-02-01/2141914043
phone	303-497-6655
fax
mailto	brian.vasel@noaa.gov
url

GAW function
station function

name	Mr. Bruce Vaughn
address	University of Colorado Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research (INSTAAR) Campus box 450 Boulder, CO 80309-0450 United States

	2006-06-12/0
phone	+1-303-492-7985
fax	+1-303-492-6388
mailto	bruce.vaughn@colorado.edu
url

GAW function
station function	Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: CH4 [C-13], Greenhouse Gas: CO2 [C-13], Greenhouse Gas: CO2 [O-18]]

name	Hsiang J. (Ray) Wang
address	School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332 United States

	2010-11-18/-147256330
phone	+1 (404) 894-3815
fax	+1 (404) 894-5638
mailto	raywang@eas.gatech.edu
url

GAW function

station function

Measurement leader [Greenhouse Gas: C2Cl3F3 (1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, CFC-113), Greenhouse Gas: C2F6 (hexafluoroethane, PFC-116), Greenhouse Gas: C2H3Cl2F (1,1-dichloro-1-fluoroethane, HCFC-141b), Greenhouse Gas: C2H3ClF2 (1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethane, HCFC-142b), Greenhouse Gas: C2H4F2 (1,1-difluoroethane, HFC-152a), Greenhouse Gas: C3F8 (octafluoropropane, PFC-218), Greenhouse Gas: C4H5F5 (1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane, HFC-365mfc), Greenhouse Gas: CBrClF2 (Halon 1211), Greenhouse Gas: CBrF3 (bromotrifluoromethane, Halon 1301), Greenhouse Gas: CCl2F2 (dichlorodifluoromethane, CFC-12), Greenhouse Gas: CCl3F (trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11), Greenhouse Gas: CCl4, Greenhouse Gas: CF4 (tetrafluoromethane, carbon tetrafluoride, perfluoromethane, PFC-14), Greenhouse Gas: CH2F4 (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, HFC-134a), Greenhouse Gas: CH3CCl3 (1,1,1-trichloroethane), Greenhouse Gas: CH4, Greenhouse Gas: CHClF2 (difluoromethane, HCFC-22), Greenhouse Gas: CHF2CF3 (pentafluoroethane, HFC-125), Greenhouse Gas: CHF3 (trifluoromethane, HFC-23), Greenhouse Gas: N2O, Greenhouse Gas: SF6, Greenhouse Gas: SO2F2 (sulphuryl fluoride), Reactive Gas: C2Cl4, Reactive Gas: C2HCl3, Reactive Gas: CH2Cl2 (dichloromethane), Reactive Gas: CH3Br (methylbromide), Reactive Gas: CH3Cl (methylchloride), Reactive Gas: CHCl3 (chloroform)]

References

Manning, A.C., et al. (2003), Interpreting the seasonal cycles of atmospheric oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations at American Samoa Observatory, GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS, 30, 1333, www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/publications/annrpt25/Manning.pdf
Bodhaine, B.A. and DeLuisi, J.J. (1985), An aerosol climatology of Samoa, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, 3, 107--122