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| Station Characteristics | 2006-06-26/-147256467 |
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| GAW ID | SUM | Summit (Greenland) |
| WMO ID | Regional station in WMO RA VI - Europe | |
| station status | established 1989 / full operation | 72.58000°N 38.48000°W (3238 m a.s.l.) |
| time zone | UTC-3 | www.geosummit.org |
| climate zone | EF (Frost climate) | |
| other affiliations | NOAA-ESRL/CCG, NDACC |
| description | The Greenland Environmental Observatory at Summit (GEOSummit) is a year-round Arctic sampling station funded by the National Science Foundation. GEOSummit is located at the top of the Greenland Ice Sheet (72º N, 38º W) and provides unique opportunities for investigation of atmospheric processes. In 1993 the GISP 2 drilling project completed drilling 3054 m. of ice. Beginning the following year and continuing to the present, intensive field campaigns were conducted at the site to characterize the atmosphere-to-firn dynamics in order to enable more comprehensive analysis of the ice core record. A baseline measurement program was established in 2003 to provide year round measurements of key site-specific variables. Currently the suite of baseline measurements available to researchers includes station meteorology, accumulation measurements from a 100-stake array and a 12 km transect, weekly surface snow chemistry, monthly snowpit chemistry and stratigraphy, and filter sampled radionuclides. Also available are aerosols measured continuously with an eight-drum impactor sampler. NOAA Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (NOAA-CMDL) instrumentation is onsite to provide continuous ozone, black carbon, carbon cycle gas, and greenhouse gas sampling. Flasks are collected weekly for carbon cycle gasses and halocarbon flasks are collected bi-weekly. |
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| References |
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| Jacobi, H.W., et al. (2004), Reactive trace gases measured in the interstitial air of surface snow at Summit, Greenland, Atmospheric Environment, 38, 1687--1697 | ||
| Helmig, D., et al. (2002), Ozone and meteorological boundary-layer conditions at Summit, Greenland, during 3--21 June 2000, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 2595--2608 | ||
| Honrath, RE, et al. (2002), Vertical fluxes of NOx, HONO, and HNO3 above the snowpack at Summit, Greenland, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 2629--2640 | ||
| Slater, JF, et al. (2002), Distinguishing the relative contribution of fossil fuel and biomass combustion aerosols deposited at Summit, Greenland through isotopic and molecular characterization of insoluble carbon, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 4463--4477 | ||
| Yang, J., et al. (2002), Impacts of snowpack emissions on deduced levels of OH and peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland, Atmospheric Environment, 36, 2523--2534, www.chem.purdue.edu/shepson/publications/Yang%202002.pdf | ||
| Kahl, J.D.W., et al. (1999), Decadal-scale variability in long-range atmospheric transport to the Summit of the Greenland Ice Sheet, Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 481--484, www.uwm.edu/~kahl/Research/Kahl_et_al_1999.pdf | ||
| Kahl, J.D.W., et al. (1997), Air mass trajectories to Summit, Greenland: A 44-year climatology and some episodic events, JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ALL SERIES-, 102, 26--26 | ||
| Dibb, J.E., et al. (1996), Biomass burning signatures in the atmosphere and snow at Summit, Greenland: An event on 5 August 1994, Atmospheric Environment, 30, 553--561 | ||
| Bergin, MH, et al. (1995), The contributions of snow, fog, and dry deposition to the summer flux of anions and cations at Summit, Greenland, Journal of Geophysical Research. D. Atmospheres, 100, 16275--16288 | ||
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